Based on an analysis of the logs for my SSH honeypot, it appears that this latest spate of SSH brute force attacks are using keyboard-interactive authentication, rather than the standard password authentication.

2010-05-21 19:29:11+0000 203.185.xxx.xxx trying auth password
2010-05-23 19:31:57+0000 200.175.xxx.xxx trying auth password
2010-05-25 01:02:57+0000 122.155.xxx.xxx trying auth password
2010-05-25 01:09:06+0000 75.156.xxx.xxx trying auth none
2010-05-25 01:09:07+0000 75.156.xxx.xxx trying auth password
2010-05-25 05:08:07+0000 68.40.xxx.xxx trying auth password
2010-05-29 14:39:51+0000 122.226.xxx.xxx trying auth password
2010-06-02 06:27:31+0000 217.25.xxx.xxx trying auth password
2010-06-03 11:32:22+0000 62.83.xxx.xxx trying auth none
2010-06-03 11:32:24+0000 62.83.xxx.xxx trying auth password
2010-06-11 08:44:52+0000 222.173.xxx.xxx trying auth password
2010-06-11 15:42:46+0000 220.163.xxx.xxx trying auth password
2010-06-13 22:14:15+0000 67.228.xxx.xxx trying auth password
2010-06-15 01:21:39+0000 211.254.xxx.xxx trying auth password
2010-06-15 02:09:01+0000 202.98.xxx.xxx trying auth password
2010-06-15 19:53:49+0000 89.128.xxx.xxx trying auth none
2010-06-15 19:53:51+0000 89.128.xxx.xxx trying auth password
2010-06-15 20:10:45+0000 89.133.xxx.xxx trying auth password
2010-06-16 18:20:54+0000 165.98.xxx.xxx trying auth keyboard-interactive
2010-06-16 18:33:35+0000 64.122.xxx.xxx trying auth keyboard-interactive
2010-06-16 19:05:53+0000 59.124.xxx.xxx trying auth password
2010-06-16 19:06:47+0000 220.73.xxx.xxx trying auth keyboard-interactive
2010-06-16 19:28:54+0000 219.159.xxx.xxx trying auth keyboard-interactive
2010-06-16 19:47:52+0000 80.94.xxx.xxx trying auth keyboard-interactive
2010-06-16 19:57:57+0000 203.15.xxx.xxx trying auth keyboard-interactive
2010-06-16 20:18:00+0000 119.161.xxx.xxx trying auth keyboard-interactive
2010-06-16 20:27:40+0000 82.91.xxx.xxx trying auth keyboard-interactive
2010-06-16 20:47:02+0000 190.12.xxx.xxx trying auth keyboard-interactive
2010-06-16 21:27:00+0000 200.40.xxx.xxx trying auth keyboard-interactive
2010-06-17 16:59:36+0000 210.82.xxx.xxx trying auth password

Understand: If you have disabled password authentication in your ssh_config by uncommenting the line:

PasswordAuthentication no

that *WILL NOT* protect you against this latest round of attacks.

In order to disable keyboard-interactive logins, you must also uncomment the line:

ChallengeResponseAuthentication no

NOTE: DO NOT DO THIS unless you understand what you're doing and know that it will not break anything (I don't want a bunch of emails saying "I got in trouble because I did what Liston said...")

To test if your server is configured correctly, log in using the command line version of ssh with the "-v" option.  That will spit out a whole bunch of debugging information.  The important line is this:

debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive

If you see something like that, then you're not only vulnerable to standard password brute force attacks, but this newer keyboard-interactive attack as well.

Tom Liston
Handler - SANS Internet Storm Center
Senior Security Analyst - InGuardians, Inc.