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I am not sure if this will help, but I have an idea of what may be going on with devices that use a card and a terminal screen, particularly the ATM cards. It is a good bet that an encrypted BCD number is being written to the magnetic strip and then when the device reads the card it uses Binary logic to convert the number to decimal instead of using BCD logic. Ex. If you were using 2 HEX characters to represent the current year, the BCD representation of 10 or (0A in hex) is 00010000. If you were to assume this was actually binary then it would be converted to 16 in decimal, 10000 = 16. It wouldn't be apparent that this incorrect binary conversion was being used until 2010 because BCD and binary math seems to work the same for 00, 01, 02,03,04,05,06,07,08, and 09. Just thought I would throw my 2 sense in.